Sanctifying Reason: Isaac Watts as Enlightenment Hymn-Writer
Dr Graham Beynon
on
Friday, 9th of October at 7:30pm BST (2:30pm EDT)
The Enlightenment extolled the role of reason but where did that leave the Christian faith? Isaac Watts responded to this challenge defending a faith that was both reasonable and above reason. We will examine his arguments and how they appear most famously in his hymns.
The Church of the Resurrection – better known as the Holy Sepulchre – is built in Jerusalem and consecrated on 13 September, 335. Standing atop the reputed burial site of Jesus, the church became a prominent Christian landmark drawing increasing numbers of pilgrims over the centuries.
The First Crusade is called in 1095, partly to ensure continued access by pilgrims to the Holy Sepulchre. Jerusalem and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre fall to the crusaders in July 1099.
Churches with a round shape or dedicated to the Holy Sepulchre appear across western Europe in the wake of the First Crusade, often built by returning crusaders or pilgrims. The first example in England is built c.1100 in Northampton, probably influenced by the Earl of Northampton, Simon de Senlis, a crusader.
Modelled on the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Round Church in Cambridge is founded between 1115 and 1131 by ‘the fraternity of the Holy Sepulchre’ and ‘in honour of God and the holy Sepulchre’. No other record of this mysterious fraternity exists, and its exact purpose remains unknown.
During the 15th century the Round Church is expanded eastward. The most notable addition is a large polygonal tower erected over the round nave. The wooden angels which can still be seen on the ceiling of the church date from this expansion.
On 3 January, 1644 the notorious iconoclast William Dowsing and his troops destroy fourteen ‘superstitious pictures’ in the Round Church. However, the carved wooden angels on the ceiling survive the ordeal intact.
In August 1841, the 15th-century tower collapses under its own weight, causing significant damage to the Round Church. A public appeal is raised to restore the church. Renovations are undertaken by the Camden Society (later re-founded as the Ecclesiological Society) and overseen by the prominent architect Anthony Salvin.
In October 1843, the Round Church is re-opened by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, whose crests can still be seen on the tiles in the chancel. The Queen gives £25 ‘as a mark of the satisfaction with which she had witnessed the beauty of the sacred edifice’.
The renovation, now complete, is marked by controversy. The source of contention is a stone altar installed by the Camden Society that many equate to an overt endorsement of Catholicism. The vicar of the Round Church, Richard Faulkner, takes the society to court, and in a headline-grabbing decision on 31 January, 1845, the Court of Arches orders the altar to be removed and replaced by a wooden table. The Camden Society dissolves soon thereafter.
On 28 July, 1942, a bombing raid hits Bridge Street and Sidney Street, destroying ten buildings. One bomb hits the Union Society building behind the Round Church, which blows out the east window. The current east window depicting Christ’s resurrection is installed four years later in 1946.
Mark Ruston becomes vicar of the Round Church in 1955. His ministry witnesses an enormous expansion of the congregation, thanks especially to the work of the church among students.
By 1994, the congregation has outgrown the Round Church and relocates to St Andrew the Great, a more spacious church in the centre of Cambridge where the congregation worships to this day.
Since 2001, the Round Church has been home to Christian Heritage, a non-profit which exists to think about the relationship between faith and culture and to welcome visitors to explore how the Christian faith has shaped Cambridge and the West.